A Comparative Study of the Components of Critical Realism in Ibrahim Nasrallah's Shorfat al-Aar and Ata Nahai's Gerêvi Bexti Hêlale

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Part-Time Researcher, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 MA in Arabic Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

Abstract

Critical realism is a major literary movement that critically examines social, economic, and political structures. Drawing on realism and social critique, it seeks to uncover the hidden layers of society and expose its shortcomings and injustices. In Shorfat al-Aar, Ibrahim Nasrallah, a Jordanian-Palestinian novelist, and in Gerêvî Bextî Hêlale, Ata Nahai, a Kurdish novelist, employ a realist and critical approach to examine the social problems of Arab and Kurdish societies. This study analyzes critical realism in Shorfat al-Aar and Gerêvî Bextî Hêlale using a descriptive-analytical method within the framework of the American school of comparative literature. It focuses on issues such as poverty and inequality, violence against women, gender discrimination, and identity crisis. The findings indicate that, despite their cultural and historical differences, the two novels share many similarities. Both adopt a realist approach to explore social and political issues while critically examining traditional social structures through themes such as gender discrimination, honor killings, and the role of women in society. In both novels, the protagonist is an innocent girl who becomes a victim of gender discrimination and honor killings. However, the two works also differ in their thematic emphasis. Shorfat al-Aar focuses primarily on social and family issues, whereas Gerêvî Bextî Hêlale also addresses political struggles and resistance.

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History

  • Receive Date: 02 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 26 December 2024
  • Accept Date: 07 January 2025

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