دۆخی وەرگێڕان لە زمانی کوردیدا بەپێی ڕێبازە ڕەخنەییەکان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای تخصصی زبان‌شناسی، پژوهشگر زبانکده ملی

2 دکتری تخصصی مطالعات ترجمه، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

توێژینەوەی بەردەست بە شێوەیەکی ڕەخنەیی دۆخی وەرگێڕان لە زمانی کوردیدا تاوتوێ دەکات. میتۆدی توێژینەوەکە وەسفیی-شیکارییە و داتاکانی بە شێوەی کتێبخانەیی و بەپێی نموونەوەرگرتنی ئامانجدار لە ڕێکەوتی ١٩٩٧ تا ٢٠٢٦ کۆکراونەتەوە. توێژینەوەکە لە نێو چوارچێوەی توێژینەوەی وەرگێڕانی وەسفی دادەنرێت کە ڕێبازێکی ئەرکتەوەری هەیە و لە توێژینەوەی وەرگێڕاندا بەپێی «پلانی توێژینەوەی وەرگێڕانی هۆمز» ڕوون دەکرێتەوە، بەڵام لە بنەڕەتدا چوارچێوەی تیۆریکی توێژینەوەکە ڕوانگەیەکی ڕەخنەیی-کۆمەڵناسانەی هەیە کە لە تیۆری «سیستەمی جیهانیی وەرگێڕان»، «ڕوانگەی وەرگێڕانی کەمینە و کارایەتیی وەرگێڕان»، هەروەها ئەو بابەتانەی کە بە «ڕەوشت و سیاسەتی وەرگێڕان و وەرگێڕانەوە» پەیوەندییان هەیە، کەڵک وەردەگرێت و دۆخی وەرگێڕانی کوردی شی دەکاتەوە. دەستکەوتەکان ئەوە دەردەخەن کە وەرگێڕان بە زمانی کوردی تەنیا کردەییەکی زمانی نییە، بەڵکوو لە بەستێنی پەیوەندییەکانی دەسەڵات و ئایدۆلۆژیادا دەخرێتە ڕوو و ئەم زمانە لە زۆربەی لە بوارەکاندا پێگەیەکی پەراوێزخراوی هەیە و لە سیستەمی جیهانی وەرگێڕاندا لە پۆلی زمانە کەمتر وەرگێڕدراوەکاندا ڕێزبەندی دەکرێت. هەروەها وەرگێڕانی دەروونزمانی و وەرگێڕانی ناڕاستەوخۆ، ڕەسەنایەتی دەقە کوردییەکان لاواز دەکەن و هەلێک بۆ سانسۆر و دەستێوەردانە ئایدیۆلۆژیکییەکان دەڕەخسێنن. لە بەرانبەردا، «وەرگێڕان وەک چالاکوانی» لە ڕێگەی وەرگێڕانی بەرهەمە کوردییەکان بۆ زمانە باڵادەستەکان دەتوانێت ڕۆڵێکی گرنگ لە ناساندنی ئەدەبی کوردی لە ئاستی جیهانیدا بگێڕێت. لە ئەنجامدا دەکرێ بڵێین «بەدامەزراوەیی نەکردنی» توێژینەوەی وەرگێڕانی کوردی وەک لقێکی ئەکادیمی، یەکێکە لە هۆکارە سەرەکییەکانی لاوازکردنی پێگەی زانستی و پیشەیی ئەم بوارە، بۆیە پلانداڕێژیی وانەی وەرگێڕان لە زانکۆ، بەڕێوەبردنی گۆڤاری پسپۆڕانە و پێکهێنانی کۆڕ و دەستەی پیشەیی دەتوانێت لە بەهێزکردنی پێگەی زانستی و کەلتووری وەرگێڕانی کوردیدا هەنگاوێکی بنەڕەتی بێت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Status of Translation in the Kurdish Language from the Perspective of Critical Approaches

نویسندگان [English]

  • Adel Mohammadi 1
  • Milad Miraki 2
1 PhD in Linguistics, National Language Institute researcher
2 PhD in Translation Studies, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study critically examines the state of translation in the Kurdish language. It adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, with data collected through library-based research and purposive sampling covering the period from 1997 to 2026. Methodologically, the study is situated within Descriptive Translation Studies and adopts a function-oriented approach. Its position within the field is clarified with reference to Holmes’s map of Translation Studies. The theoretical framework, however, is grounded in a critical-sociological perspective that draws on the world system of translation, minority translation, translational agency, and debates on the ethics and politics of translation and retranslation. The findings indicate that translation in Kurdish is not merely a linguistic act but is also shaped by power relations and ideology. Kurdish typically occupies a peripheral position in the global translation system as one of the less-translated languages. Moreover, intralingual translation and indirect translation through intermediary languages may undermine the originality of Kurdish texts and facilitate the transfer of censorship and ideological interventions. Conversely, translation as a form of cultural agency, particularly through the translation of Kurdish works into dominant languages such as English, can play a significant role in promoting Kurdish literature globally. Finally, the study shows that the lack of institutionalization of Kurdish Translation Studies as an academic field is one of the main factors hindering its scholarly and professional development. Therefore, establishing university curricula, specialized journals, and professional associations is essential to strengthening the academic and cultural status of Kurdish translation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kurdish translation
  • intralingual translation
  • institutionalization
  • translation as activism
  • Kurdish Translation Studies

مراجع

بختیار علی. (۱104). نفرت نوبهاران (آراکو محمودی، مترجم). تهران: نگاه.
بختیار علی. (۱۴۰۴). نفرت نوبهاران (مریوان حلبچه‌ای، مترجم). تهران: چشمه.
حسینی، عبدالحمید. (1352). احمد خانی و منظومۀ «مم و زین». زبان و ادب فارسی، ۲۵(۱۰۵)، ۷۴–۸۸.
فرح­زاد، فرزانه (1394). فرهنگ توصیفی مطالعات ترجمه، تهران: علمی.
محمدی، عادل . (1405). بازنمایی گفتمانی گونه‌های زبانی در وبگاه‌های خبری: رویکرد اجتماعی-نشانه‌شناختی. (e28519). جستارهای زبانی، (در دست چاپ)، e28519 doi: 10.48311/lrr.2026.117898.82999
محەممەدی، عادڵ (2023) تێگەیشتنی هەڵە لە زمان، سوئد: 49books.
 
Álvarez, R., & Vidal, M. C. A. (Eds.). (2002). Translation, power, subversion (Vol. 8). Multilingual Matters.
Baker, M. (2006). Translation and conflict: A narrative account. Routledge.
Boase-Beier, J. (2011b).A Critical Introduction to Translation Studies. New York: Continuum.
Branchadell, A., & West, L. M. (Eds.). (2005). Less translated languages. John Benjamins.
Castro, O., Mainer, S., & Page, S. (Eds.). (2017). Self-translation and power: Negotiating identities in European multilingual contexts. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chelliah, S. L., & Reuse, W. J. D. (2010). Handbook of descriptive linguistic fieldwork. New York: Springer.
Dehqan, M. (2010). Kurdish glosses on Aristotelian logical texts. The Philosophical Quarterly, 60(241), 692–697.
Fischer, B. (2012). Translation and the reconfiguration of power relations. LIT Verlag.
Gambier, Y. (2019). Institutionalization of translation studies. In L. D’hulst & Y. Gambier (Eds.), A history of modern translation knowledge: Sources, concepts, effects (pp. 179–194). John Benjamins.
Gile, D. (2012). Institutionalization of translation studies. In Handbook of Translation Studies (pp. 73–80). John Benjamins.
Heidarnia, S. (2024, June 13). Self-translation of Kurdish works, an emerging phenomenon. Shafaq News. https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Self-translation-of-Kurdish-Works-an-Emerging-Phenomenon-by-Soheila-Heidarnia
Heilbron, J., & Sapiro, G. (2007). Outline for a sociology of translation: Current issues and future prospects. In M. Wolf & A. Fukari (Eds.), Constructing a sociology of translation (pp. 93–107). John Benjamins.
Holmes, J. S. (1977/1988). The name and nature of translation studies, In L. Venuti (Ed.) The Translation Studies Reader. (pp.172-185). New York: Routledge.
House, J (2018).Translation: The Basics.London & New York: Routledge.
Jo Napoli, D. & Lee-Schoenfeld, V. (2010). Language matters: A guide to everyday questions about language (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Krishnan, A. (2009). What are academic disciplines? Some observations on the disciplinarity vs. interdisciplinarity debate. NCRM Working Paper Series, 03/09. University of Southampton, ESRC National Centre for Research Methods.  
Menbari, S., & Farahzad, F. (2024). Unveiling the marginalized: Translation to and from Kurdish in Iran during the Pahlavi Era (1925–1979). Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 22(85).
Miraki, M. (2025, March). The emergence of Kurdish translation studies: Trends, challenges and prospects [Conference presentation]. University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.                                                                                                    
Miraki, M., & Noushmand, N. (2022). Literary translation flow from Kurdish into Persian between 1997 and 2021: A sociological study. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 20(78), 13–28.
Mohammadi, A. and Weisi, H. (2025). Verbal Hygiene and Language Peevers: Analyzing the Discourse of Linguistic Prescriptivism in Iran with Emphasis on Editorial Policies. Journal of Linguistics & Iranian Languages, 10(1), 87-104. doi: 10.22099/jill.2025.53370.1428.
Palumbo, G. (2009). Key terms in translation studies. Continuum International Publishing Group.
Pillière, L. (2021). Intralingual translation of British novels: A multimodal stylistic perspective. Bloomsbury Academic.
Pillière, L., & Albachten, Ö. B. (Eds.). (2024). The Routledge handbook of intralingual translation. Routledge.
Toury, G. (1995) Descriptive translation studies- And beyond, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
Trask, R. & Mayblin, B. (2000). Introducing Linguistics. Cambridge: Icon Books.
Tymoczko, M., & Gentzler, E. (Eds.). (2002). Translation and power. University of Massachusetts Press.
Venuti, L (1998). The Scandals of Translation. Towards an Ethics of Difference. London & New York: Routledge.
Venuti, L (2004). Translation, community, utopia. In L. Venuti (Ed.), Translation studies reader (2nd ed, pp. 482-502). London, England: Routledge.
Venuti, L. (19
بختیار علی. (۱104). نفرت نوبهاران (آراکو محمودی، مترجم). تهران: نگاه.
بختیار علی. (۱۴۰۴). نفرت نوبهاران (مریوان حلبچه‌ای، مترجم). تهران: چشمه.
حسینی، عبدالحمید. (1352). احمد خانی و منظومۀ «مم و زین». زبان و ادب فارسی، ۲۵(۱۰۵)، ۷۴–۸۸.
فرح­زاد، فرزانه (1394). فرهنگ توصیفی مطالعات ترجمه، تهران: علمی.
محمدی، عادل . (1405). بازنمایی گفتمانی گونه‌های زبانی در وبگاه‌های خبری: رویکرد اجتماعی-نشانه‌شناختی. (e28519). جستارهای زبانی، (در دست چاپ)، e28519 doi: 10.48311/lrr.2026.117898.82999
محەممەدی، عادڵ (2023) تێگەیشتنی هەڵە لە زمان، سوئد: 49books.
 
Álvarez, R., & Vidal, M. C. A. (Eds.). (2002). Translation, power, subversion (Vol. 8). Multilingual Matters.
Baker, M. (2006). Translation and conflict: A narrative account. Routledge.
Boase-Beier, J. (2011b).A Critical Introduction to Translation Studies. New York: Continuum.
Branchadell, A., & West, L. M. (Eds.). (2005). Less translated languages. John Benjamins.
Castro, O., Mainer, S., & Page, S. (Eds.). (2017). Self-translation and power: Negotiating identities in European multilingual contexts. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chelliah, S. L., & Reuse, W. J. D. (2010). Handbook of descriptive linguistic fieldwork. New York: Springer.
Dehqan, M. (2010). Kurdish glosses on Aristotelian logical texts. The Philosophical Quarterly, 60(241), 692–697.
Fischer, B. (2012). Translation and the reconfiguration of power relations. LIT Verlag.
Gambier, Y. (2019). Institutionalization of translation studies. In L. D’hulst & Y. Gambier (Eds.), A history of modern translation knowledge: Sources, concepts, effects (pp. 179–194). John Benjamins.
Gile, D. (2012). Institutionalization of translation studies. In Handbook of Translation Studies (pp. 73–80). John Benjamins.
Heidarnia, S. (2024, June 13). Self-translation of Kurdish works, an emerging phenomenon. Shafaq News. https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Self-translation-of-Kurdish-Works-an-Emerging-Phenomenon-by-Soheila-Heidarnia
Heilbron, J., & Sapiro, G. (2007). Outline for a sociology of translation: Current issues and future prospects. In M. Wolf & A. Fukari (Eds.), Constructing a sociology of translation (pp. 93–107). John Benjamins.
Holmes, J. S. (1977/1988). The name and nature of translation studies, In L. Venuti (Ed.) The Translation Studies Reader. (pp.172-185). New York: Routledge.
House, J (2018).Translation: The Basics.London & New York: Routledge.
Jo Napoli, D. & Lee-Schoenfeld, V. (2010). Language matters: A guide to everyday questions about language (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Krishnan, A. (2009). What are academic disciplines? Some observations on the disciplinarity vs. interdisciplinarity debate. NCRM Working Paper Series, 03/09. University of Southampton, ESRC National Centre for Research Methods.  
Menbari, S., & Farahzad, F. (2024). Unveiling the marginalized: Translation to and from Kurdish in Iran during the Pahlavi Era (1925–1979). Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 22(85).
Miraki, M. (2025, March). The emergence of Kurdish translation studies: Trends, challenges and prospects [Conference presentation]. University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.                                                                                                    
Miraki, M., & Noushmand, N. (2022). Literary translation flow from Kurdish into Persian between 1997 and 2021: A sociological study. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 20(78), 13–28.
Mohammadi, A. and Weisi, H. (2025). Verbal Hygiene and Language Peevers: Analyzing the Discourse of Linguistic Prescriptivism in Iran with Emphasis on Editorial Policies. Journal of Linguistics & Iranian Languages, 10(1), 87-104. doi: 10.22099/jill.2025.53370.1428.
Palumbo, G. (2009). Key terms in translation studies. Continuum International Publishing Group.
Pillière, L. (2021). Intralingual translation of British novels: A multimodal stylistic perspective. Bloomsbury Academic.
Pillière, L., & Albachten, Ö. B. (Eds.). (2024). The Routledge handbook of intralingual translation. Routledge.
Toury, G. (1995) Descriptive translation studies- And beyond, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
Trask, R. & Mayblin, B. (2000). Introducing Linguistics. Cambridge: Icon Books.
Tymoczko, M., & Gentzler, E. (Eds.). (2002). Translation and power. University of Massachusetts Press.
Venuti, L (1998). The Scandals of Translation. Towards an Ethics of Difference. London & New York: Routledge.
Venuti, L (2004). Translation, community, utopia. In L. Venuti (Ed.), Translation studies reader (2nd ed, pp. 482-502). London, England: Routledge.
Venuti, L. (1995). The translator's invisibility: A history of translation. Routledge.
Venuti, L. (Ed.) (1992). Rethinking translation; discourse, subjectivity, ideology. London: Routledge.
95). The translator's invisibility: A history of translation. Routledge.
Venuti, L. (Ed.) (1992). Rethinking translation; discourse, subjectivity, ideology. London: Routledge.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 شهریور 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 شهریور 1405

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار