نقش عوامل فرازبان‌شناختی سن و سطح تحصیلات بر قابلیت فهم متقابل بین دو گویش کردی میانی و جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زبان شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد سنندج

2 استاد زبانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

نوشتار حاضر، به تأثیر عوامل فرازبان­شناختی بر قابلیت فهم متقابل بین دو گویش کردی (میانی و جنوبی) در بدره و مهاباد به شیوه‌ی توصیفی-تحلیلی می­پردازد و نتیجه‌گیری‌های خود را بر مبنای داده­های پژوهش انجام شده توسط کریمی­دوستان و میرمکری (1398) و در ارتباط با آن ارائه می­دهد. با این تفاوت که تأکید نوشتار حاضر بر تأثیر متغیرهای سن و تحصیلات بر قابلیت فهم متقابل است. به این منظور، بر پاسخ­های داده شده به پرسشنامه‌ی ارائه شده در تحقیق پیشین، با اتخاذ رویکردی دیگر، تمرکز کرده و نقش متغیرهای اجتماعی را نیز در تعیین سطح فهم زبانی گویشوران از هر دو گونه، بررسی می‌کند. یافته­های تحقیق فوق­الذکر، نشان داده بود که قابلیت فهم متقابل میان دو گونه‌ی­ مورد بررسی، نامتقارن است و نمرات آزمون­های عملکردی زبانی در یکی از گونه­های مورد بررسی، گونه‌ی مهابادی، نسبت به گونه‌ی مقابل بالاتر است. افزون بر این نگرش زباتی تأثیری بر قابلیت فهم میان گونه­های مورد بررسی نداشته و نبود برخورد زبانی میان این دو دسته از گویشوران و وجود تفاوت­های آوایی و واژگانی از عوامل مهم تأثیرگذار برقابلیت فهم دو گونه‌ی زبانی بودند. در نوشتار حاضر که به بررسی مفصل­تر همان داده­ها پرداخته است، یافته­ها نشان می­دهند علاوه بر عوامل ذکر شده، عوامل اجتماعی نیز می­توانند بر قابلیت فهم زبانی نقش داشته باشند. بر همین مبنا، مشخص گردید که عامل سطح تحصیلات بر قابلیت فهم گویشوران این دو گونه در چهار سطح (فهم واژه، مثل، جمله و متن) و عامل سن در فهم مثل‌ها مؤثر هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Age and Level of Education as Extra-Linguistics Variables on Mutual Intelligibility between Central and Southern Kurdish Dialects

نویسندگان [English]

  • Manijeh Mirmukri 1
  • Gholam-Hossein Karimi-Doostan 2
1 PhD Candidate of Linguistics, Azad University of Sanandaj
2 Professor of Linguistics, Tehran University
چکیده [English]

This descriptive-analytic writing reports the effects of some extra-linguistics factors like age and education on mutual intelligibility between two Kurdish (central and southern) dialects in two varieties of these dialects called Badrei from Ilam province and Mahabadi from West Azarbayjan. We present our conclusions based on the research data gathered by Karimi-doostan and Mirmokri (1398). However, we investigate the effects of mentioned variables on intelligibility. To this purpose, we concentrated on the responses to the questionnaire presented in the previous research by adopting a different approach. We discuss the role of social variables determining the level of mutual intelligibility in questioned varieties. The findings of the previous study had showed that the intelligibility between Badrei and Mahabadi speakers was asymmetric and Mahabadi speakers’ performance was better in function tests. The findings had also showed that language attitudes had no effect on intelligibility of studied varieties and lack of language contact between them, and presence of phonological and lexical distances were recognized as the most important factors in that research. In the present paper, by dealing with the same data in more details, the findings suggested that social factors such as age and the level of education also influence intelligibility. Accordingly, it was found that the speakers with higher level of education obtained higher scores in function tests consisted word translation task (WTT), sentence translation task (STT), proverbs understanding, and retelling text tasks (RTT).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mutual Intelligibility
  • Central and Southern Kurdish
  • Language Attitude
  • Age
  • Education
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